Green biorefinery addresses the increasing environmental issues through biodegradable waste management into valuable products. In contrast to the conventional disposal-oriented techniques, green biorefinery utilizes biotechnological processes like composting, anaerobic digestion, fermentation, and pyrolysis for the conversion of biomass into bioenergy, biochemicals, and biopolymers, which contribute to a circular economy. This approach has reduced not only greenhouse gas emissions but also dependency on fossil fuels, with a potential for economic and environmental sustainability. However, the full implementation of green biorefinery is still problematic, as it faces such issues as technological limitations and lack of economic viability besides requiring special equipment to deal with high-solid content materials. Research currently focuses on improving conversion efficiency and feedstock diversity to increase feasibility. There has been rapid innovation in bioconversion, by which organic waste, particularly food and municipal solid waste, can be converted to biofuel and bioplastics with value-added smart materials useful to create energy-saving building materials. Industrial symbiosis across small- and medium-sized enterprises bestows additional advantages to achieve greater efficiency, in which wastes from a production process become sources of products and/or feedstocks for another one. Since the biorefinery helps to make the economy biobased, thus contributing by turning wastes into green chemicals, bioenergy, and biofertilizers, there lies sustainability potential in biotransformation due to microorganisms involved in remediation. In conclusion, there is a need for continued innovation and favorable policies for addressing the challenges of waste in optimizing green biorefinery processes for a sustainable low-carbon future.