In the rapidly evolving field of electric vehicle (EV) technology, enhancing the performance of electric motors, specifically the widely used three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM), is a key area of research. The focus is on improving efficiency and effectiveness through advanced control strategies. This study begins by examining the electric drive system’s design and then develops a mathematical model for the PMSM, applying the zero direct-axis current ( \(id = 0\) ) vector control approach for regulation. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink were conducted to compare three modulation techniques: the seven-segment, five-segment, and Sine Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM), over different operating frequencies. The results show that at a lower frequency of 60 Hz, the seven-segment SVPWM has lower Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) compared to the other methods, while the five-segment approach exhibits significant torque ripples due to its use of zero vectors. At a higher frequency of 90 Hz, the THD for all techniques increases, leading to efficiency losses. However, the five-segment SVPWM demonstrates superior efficiency at these frequencies due to lower switch energy consumption. In conclusion, the seven-segment SVPWM is preferable for stable EV operation at lower frequencies, and the five-segment SVPWM is more efficient at higher frequencies. The findings provide a solid theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the advancement of PMSM modulation strategies in the field of electric vehicles.