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This study investigates the optimization of geopolymer concrete (GPC) utilizing fly ash (FA), rice husk ash (RHA), and coconut shell ash (CSA) to enhance workability, durability, and mechanical performance while addressing environmental sustainability. The materials, sourced from industrial and agricultural by-products in General Santos City, Philippines, were incorporated into GPC to reduce reliance on Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete (OPCC), a major contributor to carbon emissions. Using a quasi-experimental design, different proportions of FA, RHA, and CSA were prepared and analyzed through Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD). The experimental results demonstrated that the optimal GPC mix (DM6) achieved a compressive strength of 23.6 MPa, a 51.3% increase compared to OPCC, with superior durability indicated by significantly reduced water absorption. Slump tests revealed that the workability of GPC mixes varied with material proportions, with DM5 exhibiting the highest slump of 280 mm. ANOVA confirmed the statistical significance of the models, validating the influence of FA, RHA, and CSA on GPC properties. Quadratic models were developed for predicting slump height, water absorption, and compressive strength based on material proportions. The findings underscore the potential of GPC as a sustainable alternative to conventional concrete, utilizing local waste materials to address environmental challenges, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and promote green construction practices.

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Optimization of Geopolymer Concrete Using Fly Ash, Rice Husk Ash, and Coconut Shell Ash for Improved Workability, Durability and Mechanical Performance Using Response Surface Methodology

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Kenneth D. Marcos,
  • Michael G. Calamba,
  • Alfredo J. Mores

摘要

This study investigates the optimization of geopolymer concrete (GPC) utilizing fly ash (FA), rice husk ash (RHA), and coconut shell ash (CSA) to enhance workability, durability, and mechanical performance while addressing environmental sustainability. The materials, sourced from industrial and agricultural by-products in General Santos City, Philippines, were incorporated into GPC to reduce reliance on Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete (OPCC), a major contributor to carbon emissions. Using a quasi-experimental design, different proportions of FA, RHA, and CSA were prepared and analyzed through Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD). The experimental results demonstrated that the optimal GPC mix (DM6) achieved a compressive strength of 23.6 MPa, a 51.3% increase compared to OPCC, with superior durability indicated by significantly reduced water absorption. Slump tests revealed that the workability of GPC mixes varied with material proportions, with DM5 exhibiting the highest slump of 280 mm. ANOVA confirmed the statistical significance of the models, validating the influence of FA, RHA, and CSA on GPC properties. Quadratic models were developed for predicting slump height, water absorption, and compressive strength based on material proportions. The findings underscore the potential of GPC as a sustainable alternative to conventional concrete, utilizing local waste materials to address environmental challenges, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and promote green construction practices.