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Kleptoparasitism is a significant and fascinating behaviour within an ecological system wherein one species steals food from another species for survival or energy conservation. Similarly, another intriguing phenomenon in ecology is the fear effect. This paper discusses the dynamical system consisting of one prey and two predator with a focus on kleptoparasitism and the fear experienced by the prey species with regard to their predators. The prerequisites required to ensure each equilibrium point’s local stability have been determined. The impact of different parameters on the system is thoroughly analyzed through numerical simulations. At last, a discussion of all the significant findings in this study is provided.

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A Study of a Two-Predator, One-Prey Model Involving Kleptoparasitism and Fear Effect

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Dipam Das,
  • Ankana Borah,
  • Humayan Kobir

摘要

Kleptoparasitism is a significant and fascinating behaviour within an ecological system wherein one species steals food from another species for survival or energy conservation. Similarly, another intriguing phenomenon in ecology is the fear effect. This paper discusses the dynamical system consisting of one prey and two predator with a focus on kleptoparasitism and the fear experienced by the prey species with regard to their predators. The prerequisites required to ensure each equilibrium point’s local stability have been determined. The impact of different parameters on the system is thoroughly analyzed through numerical simulations. At last, a discussion of all the significant findings in this study is provided.