Microplastics (MPs) pollution poses a significant and growing threat to the health of our oceans, marine life, and ultimately, human well-being. These minute plastic particles, measuring less than 5 mm in size, derive from a variety of sources including plastic debris breakdown, industrial processes, and microbeads in personal care products. One of the major challenges posed by the presence of microplastics in the environment is the difficulty in managing their emissions from sources such as textiles and tires. Marine organisms are more affected by MPs—by ingestion and entanglement, as well as their potential transfer through the food web. Additionally, MP pollution is associated with socio-economic ramifications because of cleanup efforts and the potential loss of ecosystem services. In response to the growing concern over microplastic pollution control, various mitigation actions have been identified to address their widespread distribution in the environment. The present chapter is mainly focused on the comprehensive global policy to address MP pollution in marine ecosystems such as national and regional policies targeting their proliferation. The chapter also presents a wide discussion of the various methods for quantitatively and qualitatively detecting MPs, management strategies, and emerging technologies for MPs reduction. Moreover, it examines the role of international collaboration in addressing this transboundary issue, emphasizing the importance of coordinated efforts and knowledge-sharing among stakeholders.