Stigma and Survival of Hadis in Chas and the Residues of Erstwhile Manual Scavenging
摘要
Located in Hadi Cooli in Chas town, near Steel City, Bokaro, Jharkhand, the Hadis are an occupational group that forms a sub-caste of the Scheduled Caste and has resided in a municipal town for many years. The socio-cultural milieu of the Hadi community places them at the bottom of the caste hierarchy, making them one of the most disadvantaged caste groups among the 22 Scheduled Castes noted in the Census of India documents from 2011. Dhanbad and Bokaro are the two districts with the largest concentration of Hadi families, approximately five hundred households, as described by the president of Hadi Yuva Samaj Manch (HYSM), Ramdhir Hadi. Significantly, the Hadis are not recognised as a distinct caste group in the Scheduled Caste (SC) list of the Census of India document for the state of Jharkhand; instead, they are recorded as a sub-caste of the Mehtar caste, which was historically a dominant manual scavenger community in the region. Hadis have been categorised among the traditional occupational caste groups and are commonly known as Hadis, meaning a community engaged in menial and sewage-cleaning work. So far, the Government of India has provided the 2011 Census of India as the enumeration list. Hadis are grouped with Mehtar and Bhangi in one category, distinguishing themselves as manual scavenging and sweeping caste groups in Jharkhand.