Building Local Food Systems Through Non-rice Food Banks for Nutrition and Food Sustainability: An Indonesian Case Study
摘要
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has determined that rice is a key food worldwide, consumed by approximately three billion people daily. Rice is a staple food for 60% of the world’s population. In Asia, one billion people depend on rice as a primary food source, while living in poverty and malnutrition. In Indonesia, rice is not only a food habit but also a strategic and political commodity that controls the lives of its people. Further, it has transformed into a strategic economic sector for economic and national food security. On average, rice consumption in Indonesia is 139 kg per capita per year, with a production of 41 million tons of rice (68 million tons of grain). In Thailand, rice production is 20 million tons, while rice consumption is 70 kg. In Vietnam, rice production is 17 million tons, while consumption needs are only 90 kg per capita annually. In contrast to Indonesia, these two countries have a surplus and can export rice to Indonesia. Indonesia often experiences food crises, such as the 1966 crisis when the price of rice reached 600 times. The 2003 food crisis led to the liberalization of the logistics agency’s role, while the 2007–2008 crisis led to soaring rice prices. Up to this point, the fulfillment of national food needs has continued to rise owing to the increase in food consumption and population growth. In 2019, rice consumption of all types, including local, superior quality, and imported rice, averaged 1.374 kg per capita per week. When the COVID-19 pandemic struck, average consumption rose to 1,451 kg per capita per week. High dependence on rice food has caused the Indonesian state to import rice from Thailand and Vietnam. If this trend continues, there are fears that the country may struggle to provide sufficient food for its population. Therefore, this study aims to encourage food sustainability in Indonesia. The research methodology employs a qualitative paradigm, with data collection conducted through in-depth interviews and focused discussions with key stakeholders. The analysis was carried out in a descriptive-analytical manner. This study is novel as it establishes a local food system by introducing non-rice food banks in the region to reduce dependence on rice food and encourage the consumption of local food.