This chapter focuses on the nuclear damage compensation system and discusses the creation of an important yet often forgotten mechanism for facilitating the transition to carbon neutrality in the nuclear sector. The key mechanism of this compensation system enables those exposed to a shared risk to contribute money in the event of an accident. This chapter discusses the importance of this mechanism through three examples: the Brussels Supplementary Convention, the Retrospective Rating Plan in the United States, and the general contribution mechanism created in Japan after the Fukushima accident. This chapter asserts that a mechanism to collect money among nuclear operators who are exposed to the shared risk of a nuclear accident should be created. In Japan, a mechanism to collect money from nuclear operators who are exposed to a common risk (burden sharing) was created after the Fukushima nuclear accident. This resulted in a lack of understanding of the structure of the system and raised doubts. The Japanese case is a useful precedent for managing nuclear power generation in a carbon-neutral society.