Human-led species introduction and movement across the world has led to biotic globalization. Such biotic globalization diminishes the natural biodiversity pattern and propels ecosystems into uncertain novel trajectories. A few among the introduced species, aka invasive species, can threaten local biodiversity and human welfare, setting an undesirable trajectory. As invasive species become predominant and, likely, a long-term reality, our conventional conservation models might need a paradigm shift to manage ecosystems with mixed communities of native and alien species. This chapter takes an unconventional detour to refresh the perspectives on emerging ecosystems and their position in modern conservation. It provides a synthesis of alien plant monitoring in India, conducted along with the national tiger population assessment, quadrennially in the past two decades. This large-scale, long-term monitoring revealed that >66% of natural areas were invaded by a variety of alien plants. Ecosystem processes such as the diversity of plants and herbivores were seemingly reinforcing the resistance to invasion dominance. Nonetheless, expansive invasions compelled local people to adapt to emerging ecosystems by mitigating negative impacts and discovering novel ecosystem services. Managing expansive invasion using conventional methods is costly, with uncertain outcomes and unintended socio-ecological impacts. This chapter highlights an alternative spatiotemporal framework to resist invasion during the establishment phase or in areas with guaranteed biodiversity returns, accept and direct mixed-species ecosystems toward biodiverse trajectories, and accept and adapt to mitigate negative impacts where invasion control is unfeasible. This chapter provides a case for contextualizing the resist-accept-direct (RAD) typology for the management of novel ecosystems in India. Transcending the conventional binaries prevalent in conservation, this chapter highlights the potential for managing novel mixed-species ecosystems for a nature-positive future.

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Brave New Wild: Restoring Biodiversity and Values Amid Invaded Landscapes of India

  • Ninad Avinash Mungi,
  • Rajat Rastogi,
  • Yadvendradev V. Jhala,
  • Qamar Qureshi,
  • Jens-Christian Svenning

摘要

Human-led species introduction and movement across the world has led to biotic globalization. Such biotic globalization diminishes the natural biodiversity pattern and propels ecosystems into uncertain novel trajectories. A few among the introduced species, aka invasive species, can threaten local biodiversity and human welfare, setting an undesirable trajectory. As invasive species become predominant and, likely, a long-term reality, our conventional conservation models might need a paradigm shift to manage ecosystems with mixed communities of native and alien species. This chapter takes an unconventional detour to refresh the perspectives on emerging ecosystems and their position in modern conservation. It provides a synthesis of alien plant monitoring in India, conducted along with the national tiger population assessment, quadrennially in the past two decades. This large-scale, long-term monitoring revealed that >66% of natural areas were invaded by a variety of alien plants. Ecosystem processes such as the diversity of plants and herbivores were seemingly reinforcing the resistance to invasion dominance. Nonetheless, expansive invasions compelled local people to adapt to emerging ecosystems by mitigating negative impacts and discovering novel ecosystem services. Managing expansive invasion using conventional methods is costly, with uncertain outcomes and unintended socio-ecological impacts. This chapter highlights an alternative spatiotemporal framework to resist invasion during the establishment phase or in areas with guaranteed biodiversity returns, accept and direct mixed-species ecosystems toward biodiverse trajectories, and accept and adapt to mitigate negative impacts where invasion control is unfeasible. This chapter provides a case for contextualizing the resist-accept-direct (RAD) typology for the management of novel ecosystems in India. Transcending the conventional binaries prevalent in conservation, this chapter highlights the potential for managing novel mixed-species ecosystems for a nature-positive future.