In recent years, microbial nanomaterials have popularly emerged as a transformative tool of biomedical science in delivering multiple drugs to target tissues to treat multiple diseases. These microbial nanomaterials have been popularly chosen over traditional approaches due to their biocompatibility, eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and able to pass biological barriers without interfering with the host immune system. Various microbes, such as bacteria, fungi, and yeast microalgae, synthesize these NPs, such as gold, copper, silver, and zinc, using intra or extracellular processes. These microbial nanomaterials, after encapsulation, transport multiple drugs through nanocarriers such as liposomes, micelles, vesicles, and nanofibers, efficiently and with enhanced stability to the targeted tissues to mitigate the diseases. This chapter explores the numerous microbial nanoparticles used in medication administration, as well as their sources and production mechanisms. The chapter will also explore the related challenges, limitations, and potential suggestions for improving their future application as a delivery agent.