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We measured child poverty based on equivalent consumption and private supplementary educational expenditures using microdata from the National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure (1999–2014), using the Foster–Greer–Thorbecke index and its decomposition. The results show an increase in the squared poverty gap ratio for out-of-school educational expenditures caused by rising disparities since 2004. Poverty indicators related to private supplementary educational expenditures generally increase as children progress through the school stages. The poverty headcount ratio based on equivalent consumption expenditure is higher for children in multi-child or single-parent households. Additionally, the proportion of children that experience poverty in both dimensions increased throughout the measurement period, peaking in the final year.

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Child Poverty in Terms of Private Supplementary Education in Japan—Measurement and Decomposition Using the FGT Index

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Kazuyuki Nakamura,
  • Takayuki Kaneda,
  • Hiroki Tanaka

摘要

We measured child poverty based on equivalent consumption and private supplementary educational expenditures using microdata from the National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure (1999–2014), using the Foster–Greer–Thorbecke index and its decomposition. The results show an increase in the squared poverty gap ratio for out-of-school educational expenditures caused by rising disparities since 2004. Poverty indicators related to private supplementary educational expenditures generally increase as children progress through the school stages. The poverty headcount ratio based on equivalent consumption expenditure is higher for children in multi-child or single-parent households. Additionally, the proportion of children that experience poverty in both dimensions increased throughout the measurement period, peaking in the final year.