This chapter explores core Confucian concepts like li (propriety), ren (benevolence), and yi (righteousness). Li embodies multiple meanings: principle, path, guiding marker, and boundary, with its core function being to assign individuals definite social identities or roles. Hence, the Confucian code of ethics is also known as “the doctrine of names.” The author argues that Confucius prioritized discussing ren over li, defining it as more than mere loving other people: ren requires conscious adherence to the principles of li. While ren represents the virtuous human heart, yi denotes the appropriate path for ethical conduct. Together, these concepts form a framework where role-based duties and moral awareness underpin social harmony and individual virtue. Through an analysis of the Five Cardinal Relationships, the Three Fundamental Bonds, and the principle of “rectification of names,” it reveals Confucianism’s emphasis on clarifying one’s roles and fulfilling one’s responsibilities.