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The construction industry, a major contributor to global economic growth, relies significantly on concrete due to its strength, versatility, and durability. However, the increasing demand for concrete has led to considerable environmental challenges. Cement production, a crucial component of concrete, results in high carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, exacerbating global warming and contributing to climate change. Furthermore, excessive mining of river sand (RS), a key ingredient in concrete, disrupts river ecosystems and causes severe ecological issues. This research addresses these environmental concerns by developing a sustainable concrete mix using Vindhyan sandstone manufactured sand (VSM) as a partial substitute for RS and metakaolin (MK) as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). Different mixes were created by replacing ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with varying proportions of MK (ranging from 0 to 25%) and using a blend of fine aggregates that included both RS and VSM. The mix containing 50% VSM and 20% MK exhibited the highest compressive and flexural strengths. Acid attack test revealed that the mixes with 50% VSM and 15% MK experienced minimal strength and weight loss. The decreased utilization of cement and RS in these modified concrete mixes provided environmentally sustainable compositions without compromising concrete performance.

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Performance Evaluation of Concrete Incorporating Vindhyan Sandstone Manufactured Sand and Metakaolin

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Yash Rathore,
  • Juned Raheem,
  • Sphurty Raman

摘要

The construction industry, a major contributor to global economic growth, relies significantly on concrete due to its strength, versatility, and durability. However, the increasing demand for concrete has led to considerable environmental challenges. Cement production, a crucial component of concrete, results in high carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, exacerbating global warming and contributing to climate change. Furthermore, excessive mining of river sand (RS), a key ingredient in concrete, disrupts river ecosystems and causes severe ecological issues. This research addresses these environmental concerns by developing a sustainable concrete mix using Vindhyan sandstone manufactured sand (VSM) as a partial substitute for RS and metakaolin (MK) as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). Different mixes were created by replacing ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with varying proportions of MK (ranging from 0 to 25%) and using a blend of fine aggregates that included both RS and VSM. The mix containing 50% VSM and 20% MK exhibited the highest compressive and flexural strengths. Acid attack test revealed that the mixes with 50% VSM and 15% MK experienced minimal strength and weight loss. The decreased utilization of cement and RS in these modified concrete mixes provided environmentally sustainable compositions without compromising concrete performance.