In 50 years as an independent state, Mozambique has undergone profound and structural changes in its political, social, and economic systems, including significant liberal reforms such as marketisation and democratisation from the late 1980s into the 1990s, followed by an authoritarian turn from the early 2000s. This chapter explores the liberal reforms that reshaped the country within the context of its transition (For a similar use of the term, see, for example, Walter and Joshi and Melander) from war to peace (the so-called liberal peacebuilding). In doing so, it describes how liberal norms such as democracy, the rule of law, and human rights have been integrated into Mozambique’s domestic politics. Essentially, the chapter aims to provide a historical background of Mozambique’s liberalisation and the relationship between liberal norms and peacebuilding in the country. The chapter is organised into three sections. The first section offers a succinct overview of Mozambique’s political landscape after independence in 1975, specifically its attempt to establish a socialist regime and the domestic and external conditions that led to the outbreak of a full-scale war in 1976. The second section outlines the drastic political shift in Mozambique from socialism to a liberal market democracy, coinciding with the transition from war to peace (1984–1994). The third section examines the influence of international actors in guiding the country towards a liberal peace project in the post-war era. The chapter concludes by summarising the emergence of liberal peacebuilding in Mozambique.