Western Disturbances (WDs), also known as Extra-Tropical Cyclones or Mid-Latitude Cyclones, are low-pressure systems that originate in the Mediterranean region and move eastwards across central Asia. They are critical weather systems that profoundly influence the climate and weather patterns in South Asia, particularly during the winter season. This review synthesizes current understanding regarding WDs in the context of their dynamics, impacts, lifetimes, and general meteorological significance. It provides a critical evaluation of the modeling approaches employed to date, ranging from mesoscale models to global climate models and data assimilation techniques. Key results show that although higher resolution models enhance the WD track and precipitation pattern representations, they tend to possess biases in parameterization and challenges in capturing subgrid-scale processes. Satellite data integration has also been promising for better accuracy in simulations. It outlines guidelines for new research, including enhancement in cloud microphysics schemes, land–atmosphere interaction parameterizations, techniques of data assimilation, and deploying artificial intelligence and machine learning toward better prediction accuracy. These improvements aim to address uncertainties in modeling and enhance preparedness for WD-induced weather hazards.