Statistical analyses indicate that shield cutter head failures in TBM are prevalent in nearly every tunnel project, constituting approximately fifty percent of all accident categories in tunnel engineering practices in China (Jin et al. in Tunn Undergr Space Technol 109, 2021 [1]). In the Kranji tunnel project in Singapore, the combination of mixed face conditions and high abrasivity of granite led to a significant reduction in cutter lifespan, with each cutter excavating less than 100 m3 of material. Similarly, during the excavation of a pipe tunnel beneath the Weser River in Germany, the abrasiveness of the soil exerted considerable stress on TBM components, particularly the cutter heads, resulting in accelerated eccentric wear during the drilling process. Furthermore, the Oporto Metro project in Portugal experienced severe wear damage to cutter heads, which triggered three surface collapses and tragically resulted in the death of a resident. These incidents collectively caused nearly nine months of project delays. Consequently, it is imperative to investigate the failure mechanism of shield cutter heads and identify the primary driving factors to develop effective risk mitigation strategies (Zhang et al. in J Comput Civil Eng 30:04015073, 2016 [2]).