Performance Analysis of Zoned Embankment Dam with Internal Drains and Cutoff Wall Using Numerical Simulation
摘要
Embankment dams are one of the most commonly used types of dams worldwide due to their low construction cost and simplicity. They play a vital role in water storage, hydroelectric power generation, and flood control. Since embankment dams are constructed of porous materials like soil or rock, seepage is an inherent concern which generally does not pose any threat if it is below an acceptable limit. However, if this seepage is uncontrolled or concentrated, it can cause significant damage such as blowouts, piping, or sloughing at the downstream toe. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of using an internal drain and cutoff wall for a zoned embankment dam in reducing the seepage flow and its associated effects under steady-state condition. The finite element program, SEEP/W, is applied to model the zoned embankment dam. The study employs numerical analysis to evaluate the impact of using an internal drain and a combination of the cutoff wall and internal drain on uplift pressure, exit gradient, and seepage discharge. The effects of depth of cutoff wall are also examined. The results indicate that the use of an internal drain has shown an increase in the seepage discharge while decreasing the uplift pressure and exit gradient. Furthermore, with the addition of a cutoff wall, the seepage discharge and exit gradient are reduced relatively, and a decrease in uplift pressure is observed.