Water pollution has been the subject of increasing importance owing to the harmful effects of pollutants on the public health and ecosystems. The conventional bio-based wastewater remediation technologies have strong efficiency to remove the biodegradable pollutants in any wastewater with relatively simple design and cost-competitive operation. However, the water generated by these methods is not of optimum quality for productive reuse in agriculture, landscaping, and industry. This is because of poor efficiency for removal of bio-recalcitrant organics in the wastewater, such as dies, heavy metals, chlorophenols, personal care products, and pharmaceuticals etc. The electrocoagulation-flocculation has been widely utilized as a potential pre-treatment technology globally to improve the pollutants removal efficiency and sustainability for water and wastewater management. This paper underscores utilization of the electrocoagulation technology for improving the quality of the treated water. The electrocoagulation process mechanism, pollutants removal efficiency from wastewater of different industries, and the recent developments have also been discussed in detail.