Humans are creatures of movement and locomotion. From our natural movements of walking, running and swimming, to the more vicarious activities of driving or riding, the act of balance is paramount to all. Once we realise how wonderfully stable our vision remains even on vigorous shaking of the head, something that is very difficult to mimic even with the most cutting edge cameras ever made by human minds, we realise how intricate and complex this act must be. In this chapter, we shall review the basic anatomy and physiology, including the embryological origins of the miraculous organ, the vestibular apparatus, that functions as the gyroscope to the biological machine, the human body.