This chapter delves into the basic neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of hearing, with a focus on the functional organization of the central auditory pathway. It explores the journey of auditory signals from the cochlea to the auditory cortex, focusing on auditory relay nuclei such as the cochlear nucleus, superior olivary complex, lateral lemniscus, inferior colliculus and medial geniculate body. A comprehensive understanding of this pathway is crucial for understanding auditory signal processing, unraveling auditory disorders and advancing auditory (re)habilitation.