With the continuing progress in the biomedical field, the development of novel intelligent biomaterials has attracted more and more attention. Interactive biomaterials, a term used innovatively in this review, refers to multi-functional materials developed on the basis of biosensors and responsive biomaterials for disease surveillance, prediction, diagnosis, and treatments. By combining the benefits of biosensors and responsive components in interactive biomaterials, more intelligent, precise, and controllable disease monitoring and treatment could be achieved. So far, promising candidates for such interactive biomaterials have been developed, including digital pills, robotic capsule endoscopy, smart wound dressings, smart contact lenses, and theranostic microneedle array patches. The utilization of these interactive biomaterials simplifies procedures for disease treatment, reducing the need for multiple materials. At the same time, interactive biomaterials can seamlessly connect with patients, doctors, and medical devices to deliver more personalized and precise medical services. Starting from sensors and responsive biomaterials, this chapter will take interactive biomaterials as a starting point, explain the categories and application advantages of interactive biomaterials, discuss the challenges and prospects of interactive biomaterials, and provide new ideas for the design of personalized medical platforms.