Stimuli-responsive biomaterials, as a category of intelligent biomaterials, are capable of demonstrating controllable and reversible biological responses to internal or external stimuli. These materials draw inspiration from the intricate regulatory systems found within living organisms, thereby driving innovation in various fields such as biomedical research, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. Key characteristics of stimuli-responsive biomaterials include their sensitivity to stimuli and corresponding controllability, which may be either endogenous or exogenous. The utilization of stimulus-responsive materials holds the potential to enhance personalized treatment, thereby improving treatment efficacy and safety. The advancement of such materials has propelled the progress of precision medicine, enabling tailored treatment plans based on individual patient differences while minimizing treatment-related side effects. In the realm of biomedical engineering, the controllability and adaptability of these materials play a crucial role in promoting disease diagnosis and therapy as well as tissue repair and regeneration. Furthermore, stimuli-responsive biomaterials find widespread use in biosensing technologies, medical diagnostics, and imaging applications by providing advanced technological support. Overall, research and application of stimulus-responsive biomaterials are pivotal for the advancement of personalized therapy, precision medicine, and innovative medical devices.