Modern warfare exposes soldiers to extreme environmental conditions and mental stress, which can significantly impact combat outcomes if effective health management of soldiers is not implemented. In order to ensure the optimal deployment of soldiers, it is necessary to employ precision medicine techniques that involve the use of extensive multidimensional biological datasets for accurate diagnosis, therapeutic intervention, and prognosis monitoring. This chapter addresses the present health obstacles encountered by soldiers and examines the advantages of implementing artificial intelligence–machine learning (AI–ML) approaches in precision medicine, using artificial intelligence and machine learning in enhancing the health of soldiers. AI has the potential to enhance precision medicine for the management and monitoring of soldiers’ health by facilitating the identification of disease subtypes, forecasting disease progression, selecting personalized treatments, and enabling remote monitoring. This chapter also explores several machine learning models and their clinical significance in predicting illness risk using clinical and biological data, which are also applicable to the health of soldiers. Moreover, we also discuss the existing problems and complications that may impede technological progress in this field. In summary, this chapter highlights a new age of medical science using AI–ML in the health and disease management of soldiers, which has seen significant advancement in the prediction and diagnosis of soldiers’ health and has far-reaching consequences in deployment and post-deployment health hazard.