Soldiers need to carry out both defensive and offensive operations in a wide variety of terrains, ranging from the depth of seas to high-altitude mountains. Of the different terrains, jungles are considered one of the most challenging environments to operate due to the diversity of prevailing conditions. On the one hand, jungles present hostile conditions in the forms of dense vegetation, hot and humid climate, biting and attacking animals, disease-carrying vectors, etc. On the other hand, many of the features of the jungles also provide ample opportunities for camouflage, protective shelters, protection from enemies and animals, and food and drink during emergency situations, which soldiers can use during jungle operations. In this chapter, we discuss these challenges and opportunities. In addition, we also discuss the R&D opportunities that can enhance the combat efficiency of the soldiers during jungle operations.