Addressing CO2 Emissions in Kolkata: Policies for Sustainable Solutions
摘要
This study explores the alarming rise in atmospheric CO2 levels in Kolkata, driven by urbanization, industrial activities, vehicular emissions, and inadequate waste management, with a focus on two distinct sites, namely Duttabagan and Barasat. Using more than three decades of real-time data (1984–2022) and the Neural Auto-Regressive (NAR) model, the research predicts a steeper rise in CO2 levels in Duttabagan, attributed to its dense urbanization and commercial activities like presence of the biggest fish selling units in the megacity of Kolkata, compared to Barasat. The findings underscore the need for localized interventions, such as improved waste management, afforestation, and sustainable urban planning. Policies like India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and the emission trading schemes are critical to addressing these challenges. Advanced technologies related to waste-to-energy systems are recommended to enhance emission reduction strategies. The study emphasizes the importance of public participation, effective governance, and targeted policies to curb emissions while ensuring economic and environmental sustainability, with the aim to position the megacity of Kolkata as a model for urban climate resilience.