Biodesulfurization of coal, utilizing microbial techniques to eliminate sulfur compounds, is a sustainable and environmentally benign alternative to traditional desulfurization technologies. This method shows promise in alleviating environmental issues including acid rain and air pollution; however it encounters considerable obstacles. This encompasses restricted efficacy in eliminating organically bound sulfur, sluggish microbial activity, and heterogeneity in coal content that influences treatment results. Progress in biotechnology, including genetic engineering and omics technologies, as well as novel bioreactor designs and pre-treatment techniques, is crucial for tackling these difficulties. Ongoing research and development indicate that biodesulfurization may serve as an effective alternative for cleaner coal consumption and sustainable energy production. Commercialization of biodesulfurization of coal needs more attention with respect to current available methods for sulfur remediation techniques. As far as clean coal technologies are available for coal one of the major issue. In this regard the current chapter provides an opportunity to address the current and future perspective in this chapter regarding biodesulfurization of coal.