One of the emerging, yet neglected subspecialty of ophthalmology and optometry is the field of ocular pathology. Ophthalmic pathology, like all branches of pathology, encompasses the essential nature of the disease, especially of the structural and functional changes in tissues that cause or are caused by diseases. As indicated by the word “pathos” and “logos,” pathology is a study of diseases or suffering. It is also considered as a bridge that links clinical practice with basic science. This cannot be emphasized more; as in academia as well as in clinical and basic research, a thorough understanding of the problem and the best output is evident when the pathologist, microbiologist, or biochemistry expert is part of the research team. In this chapter, we introduce the need for ophthalmic pathology and describe our textbook to the readers.