The extensive application of insecticides in farming creates major environmental and health dangers, stressing the importance of sensitive, selective and cost-effective detection techniques. Due to their distinct physical and chemical features, copper nanomaterials (CuNMs) have emerged as a viable pesticide detection method. This chapter investigates the function of Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) in pesticide detection, focusing on their advantages, detection processes, and applications. We cover CuNPs’ applications in electrochemical detection with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), fluorescence-based detection, and their potential to detect specific pesticides in varied matrices. In recent advancements CuNPs, CuNP-based colorimetric sensors have been developed for the detection of dithiocarbamate pesticides. CuNPs-based colorimetric indicators have been developed to detect pesticide residues in food and crops. CuNPs are also involved in the creation of affordable, approachable pesticide biosensing technologies. The challenges and future directions of CuNPs-based pesticide detection are discussed, focusing on scalability, toxicity, and integration with developing technologies. This chapter gives an extensive overview of CuNPs-based pesticide detection, emphasizing its potential to enhance food security, environmental monitoring and Sustainable agriculture.