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This chapter presents an assessment of converting biomass into valuable bioproducts, primarily biochar, and its role in sustainable practices. The rapid global population growth and the limited fossil fuel reserves highlight the need to transition to renewable resources for energy and chemical production. Biomass conversion, especially through lignocellulosic biorefineries, is identified as a critical strategy for developing ecologically sustainable systems. These biorefineries face economic challenges related to crude oil prices, making it essential to expand the product range to include platform chemicals. This chapter outlines efficient methods for converting lignocellulosic biomass into high-value chemicals, focusing on the thermocatalytic conversion of lignocellulose into compounds like 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), levulinic acid (LA), levoglucosan (LGA), and levoglucosenone (LGO), and the development of efficient catalytic systems and reaction mechanisms. Biochar, a carbon-rich byproduct of pyrolysis, is extensively discussed for its diverse applications, including soil improvement, energy storage, catalysis, contaminant removal, and carbon sequestration. This chapter also examines the physicochemical and functional properties of biochar, which can be tailored for specific industrial applications. It highlights biochar’s role in mitigating climate change, enhancing soil fertility, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The chapter is divided into two parts: the first part focuses on the separation of biomass components and their conversion into platform chemicals through thermochemical processes. The second part delves into the production and potential applications of biochar. It emphasizes the economic and environmental benefits of biochar, positioning it as a crucial component in sustainable practices and the shift towards a circular economy. Through a detailed analysis and presentation of recent advancements, the chapter provides valuable insights into the sustainable utilization of biomass and biochar, advocating for ongoing research and innovation to fully harness their potential for industrial applications.

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Biomass Conversion to Chemicals and Biochar for Sustainable Development

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Chandan Kundu,
  • Wei Lin Ng,
  • Kuntalika Das,
  • Adrian Chun Min Loy,
  • Omer Elmahadi Elfaki,
  • Sankar Bhattacharya

摘要

This chapter presents an assessment of converting biomass into valuable bioproducts, primarily biochar, and its role in sustainable practices. The rapid global population growth and the limited fossil fuel reserves highlight the need to transition to renewable resources for energy and chemical production. Biomass conversion, especially through lignocellulosic biorefineries, is identified as a critical strategy for developing ecologically sustainable systems. These biorefineries face economic challenges related to crude oil prices, making it essential to expand the product range to include platform chemicals. This chapter outlines efficient methods for converting lignocellulosic biomass into high-value chemicals, focusing on the thermocatalytic conversion of lignocellulose into compounds like 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), levulinic acid (LA), levoglucosan (LGA), and levoglucosenone (LGO), and the development of efficient catalytic systems and reaction mechanisms. Biochar, a carbon-rich byproduct of pyrolysis, is extensively discussed for its diverse applications, including soil improvement, energy storage, catalysis, contaminant removal, and carbon sequestration. This chapter also examines the physicochemical and functional properties of biochar, which can be tailored for specific industrial applications. It highlights biochar’s role in mitigating climate change, enhancing soil fertility, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The chapter is divided into two parts: the first part focuses on the separation of biomass components and their conversion into platform chemicals through thermochemical processes. The second part delves into the production and potential applications of biochar. It emphasizes the economic and environmental benefits of biochar, positioning it as a crucial component in sustainable practices and the shift towards a circular economy. Through a detailed analysis and presentation of recent advancements, the chapter provides valuable insights into the sustainable utilization of biomass and biochar, advocating for ongoing research and innovation to fully harness their potential for industrial applications.