The valorization of agricultural solid waste into chemicals represents a transformative approach towards achieving sustainable development. This chapter delves into the application of life cycle assessment (LCA) stands as a crucial methodology for comprehensively assessing the environmental repercussions associated with converting agricultural waste into valuable chemicals. The strategy of valorization addresses two major issues: the reduction of waste volumes and the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. This is particularly relevant in the context of increasing industrial activities and population growth, which exacerbate challenges related to waste management. Agricultural solid waste, such as crop residues, animal manure, and food processing by-products, is often utilized as low-grade animal feed or is disposed of through methods like burning or landfilling. These conventional disposal methods have significant environmental drawbacks, including increased greenhouse gas emissions and soil degradation. Valorization, in contrast, offers a more sustainable approach by transforming these wastes into high-value products such as biofuels, fertilizers, and chemicals. This chapter highlights the role of LCA in assessing these processes, from waste collection to product distribution. A detailed examination of various valorization methods, including fermentation, transesterification, and anaerobic digestion, reveals their potential to convert agricultural residues into bioethanol, biodiesel, and biogas (Singh and Gu 2010). Each method has unique advantages and challenges, particularly concerning energy efficiency, resource utilization, and environmental impact. LCA provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these impacts by evaluating factors such as global warming potential, energy efficiency, and resource consumption. Case studies, such as the conversion of rice husk into chemicals like silica, bio-oil, and furfural, underscore the practical application of LCA in assessing the sustainability of valorization processes. These studies illustrate how valorization can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance resource efficiency compared to traditional waste management practices. The chapter also discusses the integration of LCA with techno-economic analysis to offer all-inclusive view of the environmental and economic paybacks of valorization. In summary, the valorization of agricultural solid waste presents a promising strategy for enhancing sustainability, reducing environmental impacts, and supporting economic development. Future research should focus on optimizing these processes and further integrating LCA to refine and advance agricultural waste valorization strategies, aligning with global sustainability goals and fostering a circular bioeconomy.