Rapid nanotechnological advancements have revealed a new class of materials, 2D materials, with novel physicochemical properties that are highly promising to be found sin the enhancement of agriculture. This chapter discusses the transformative possibilities and potential of 2D materials in agriculture concerning their roles in improving productivity, protecting crops, and promoting sustainability. High surface area, excellent conductivity, and tunable chemical reactivity are among the key features that justify 2D materials for fertilizer and pesticide smart delivery systems as well as for improving the fertility of the soil. In addition, their antimicrobial property promises new innovative solutions for crop protection, while their integration in sensors enables real-time monitoring of soil and plant health via precision agriculture. Another important role of 2D materials is in reducing environmental problems by removing pollutants from agricultural water and making plants more resistant to abiotic conditions such as drought and salt stress. Although of vast potential, the mass exploitation of 2D materials demands rigorous assessments of their environmental and ecotoxicological ramifications to ensure safety and sustainability. Moreover, the chapter highlights the challenges of upscaling these technologies and further research and development in the future. In fact, by associating nanotechnology with agriculture, 2D materials provide an exemplary paradigm shift to face global food security and climate change by using efficient farming.