Emerging contaminants (ECs), not commonly monitored, are synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals or agents of biological origin that have the potential to enter the environment and cause adverse effects on human health or the ecosystem. They originate from several anthropogenic activities such as chemical leaching, domestic wastes, improper handling, and disposal of chemicals and have caused pollution of varying degrees to different spheres of the environment. They have been classified into various groups such as plasticizers, surfactants, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products (PPCPs), nanomaterials. The ECs have been reported to be a serious issue in the aquatic ecosystem with severe adverse impacts and risen into a major threat to water distribution system. As a result of the increasing concentration of ECs, there is a need for prioritization of its regular assessment and monitoring. Various policies and regulatory frameworks have been developed regarding the levels of contaminants in the environment which combine source-related measures along with environmental quality standards. However, the total emission of pollutants into the environment remains on a constant rise. Currently, the protection of the aquatic ecosystem from ECs requires the implementation of more stringent policies, standards, and frameworks for its control. Moreover, the standards released by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and World Health Organization (WHO) also need to be updated from time to time, especially with respect to ECs which are possible with recent data and research in the area. The present chapter focuses on the existing laws and standards to control emerging pollutants in the aquatic ecosystem, their shortcomings, and suggestions for their strengthening. Additionally, the role and responsibilities of the regulatory bodies are also discussed to explore the future course of action for the prevention and control of ECs’ release.