Significance of food education is diverse in developed and developing countries. In low-income countries in the South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, undernutrition is caused by the poverty, which also causes a serious problem in developed countries. Food education, enacted in Japan in 2005, has attracted much attention because of similar issues in many countries. There are many children who don’t have breakfast before going to school, have unbalanced diet with less vegetables, and become obese with too much intake of high energy density food. This has been explained by the socioeconomic background: children in low-income class tend to overtake fat and sweets because these are high energy density. The low-income class family could not afford to take balanced diet with high nutrient density and low energy density. It is also important to learn the gratitude for having meals and thus reducing the food waste. The communication with parents, teachers, food distributers and producers, farmers, and fishermen must be encouraged. The scientific basis of the well-balanced diet taking into account the availability is not so well established and must be further studied.