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Lithium-ion batteries have become prevalent in battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) owing to their high energy density, longevity, and reduced environmental impact. Battery Thermal Management (BTM) is crucial in BEVs for dissipating cell heat, improving performance, and protecting against fire hazards due to potential Thermal Runaway (TR). The researchers investigated many cooling strategies for controlling heat dissipation of battery cells, such as air cooling, liquid cooling, Phase Change Material (PCM) cooling, heat pipe cooling, etc. This study evaluates the effectiveness of three cooling strategies: Natural Convection Cooling (NCC), Immersion Liquid Cooling (ILC), and Immersion Liquid Cooling integrated with Thermoelectric Cooling (ILC + TEC). The objective is to regulate temperature rise and homogeneity of a 13s7p battery pack designed for electric two-wheeler application under 1C discharge conditions. The results indicate that the ILC + TEC combination is superior to other studied methods in controlling the battery pack’s maximum temperature (Tmax). It gives the lowest value of 43.2 °C for Tmax. The standalone ILC method preserves the temperature homogeneity in the battery better than the other investigated methods. The results provide an insight into the merits and drawbacks of each cooling approach, guiding the advancement of efficient and effective BTM solutions.

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Comparative Study of Battery Thermal Management: Analyzing Natural Convection, Immersion Cooling, and Hybrid Immersion-Thermoelectric Techniques

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Ummid Isamiya Shaikh,
  • Suyog Mane,
  • Shriman Patil,
  • Atharva Manwadkar,
  • Hemantkumar Mehta

摘要

Lithium-ion batteries have become prevalent in battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) owing to their high energy density, longevity, and reduced environmental impact. Battery Thermal Management (BTM) is crucial in BEVs for dissipating cell heat, improving performance, and protecting against fire hazards due to potential Thermal Runaway (TR). The researchers investigated many cooling strategies for controlling heat dissipation of battery cells, such as air cooling, liquid cooling, Phase Change Material (PCM) cooling, heat pipe cooling, etc. This study evaluates the effectiveness of three cooling strategies: Natural Convection Cooling (NCC), Immersion Liquid Cooling (ILC), and Immersion Liquid Cooling integrated with Thermoelectric Cooling (ILC + TEC). The objective is to regulate temperature rise and homogeneity of a 13s7p battery pack designed for electric two-wheeler application under 1C discharge conditions. The results indicate that the ILC + TEC combination is superior to other studied methods in controlling the battery pack’s maximum temperature (Tmax). It gives the lowest value of 43.2 °C for Tmax. The standalone ILC method preserves the temperature homogeneity in the battery better than the other investigated methods. The results provide an insight into the merits and drawbacks of each cooling approach, guiding the advancement of efficient and effective BTM solutions.