Experimental and Numerical Investigations for Remediating Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soil by Using Bacteria
摘要
Urban soils have been polluted by heavy metals due to rapid industrialization. Heavy metals, such as Cadmium, Chromium, Mercury, Nickel, and Zinc, pose a threat to humans and animals due to their toxicity. Over the last decade, several methods have been designed to immobilize toxic heavy metals. Bacterial remediation is one of the promising methods which helps immobilize heavy metals. Bacillus Subtilis bacteria are non-pathogenic bacteria that can precipitate heavy metals in the form of carbonates and avoid being taken up by plants and entering the food chain. The studies were conducted for artificially contaminated red soil with Cd 50 mg/l and Ni 400 mg/l. The process of bacterial remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil was examined in column studies. The findings indicate that Nickel (Ni) has an immobilization effectiveness of 69.54% and Cadmium (Cd) of 77.49%. With Hydrus-1D, the immobilization of heavy metals is simulated. The experimental findings are consistent with the numerical simulations.