Socket connections represent a segmental prefabricated assembly method for bridge piers, offering notable advantages such as low precision requirements, simplified construction procedures, reduced on-site work, shortened construction periods, controlled construction quality, and cost-effectiveness. To promote the application and development of socket connection technology in prefabricated bridge pier construction, this paper first elucidates the structural characteristics, connection types, and analyzes the effect of key design parameters on the mechanical behaviors of the socketed structures. Building on this foundation, to further study the impact of these parameters on the structural mechanical performance, a series of experimental investigations were conducted. These studies examined the influence of socket depth on the mechanical performance of bridge piers, the force-transfer mode and mechanical performance in the socketed structure with good grout bonding and after bonding failure, and the impact of socketed structures on the vertical bearing capacity of receiving elements with the arrangement of U-shaped anti-punching shear reinforcement. Based on these investigations, a set of design and construction requirements for socket connections was proposed, including a series of key design parameters such as socket depth, grout properties, and reinforcement configuration of the receiving elements. These guidelines aim to standardize and enhance the engineering application of socket connections.