Bamboo is a versatile and environmentally sustainable construction material, particularly the Bambusa multiplex bamboo used in Thailand’s structural projects. This study investigates the impact of nodes and various physical attributes on Bambusa multiplex bamboo’s compressive and shear strengths. Compressive and shear strength assessments were conducted on bamboo culm samples under node and internode conditions, aligning with ISO 22157-1 standards. Additionally, laboratory analysis explored properties such as moisture content, density, linear mass, and wall thickness for both segments. Results indicated a slight proportionality between bamboo density and corresponding compressive and shear strengths under node and internode conditions. Notably, the average compressive strength in the internode section (54.77 MPa) exceeded that in the node section (52.54 MPa) by 4.07%. Conversely, the shear strength in the internode section (7.06 MPa) was significantly lower than that in the node section (8.05 MPa) by 14.02%. Consequently, the presence of nodes was found to exert a more pronounced influence on shear strength than compressive strength.