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A comprehensive investigation into the aero-thermodynamic impacts of UAV-generated airflow on the rice microclimate is essential to elucidate the complex relationships between wind speed, temperature, and temporal dynamics during critical growth stages. Focusing on the vulnerable stages of rice like heading, panicle, and flowering, this study aims to advance the understanding of microclimatic influences on rice crops, ultimately informing the development of UAV-based strategies to enhance crop resilience and optimize yields. By utilizing UAV rotor downwash, the research examines wind temperature and speed at three key diurnal intervals: 9:00 am, 12:00 pm, and 3:00 pm. Notably, at 9:00 am, UAV-induced airflow creates a favorable microclimate with stable temperatures (27.45–28.45 °C) and optimal wind speeds (0.0700–2.050 m/s), facilitating pollen transfer and grain setting. By 12:00 pm, wind speeds peak at 2.370 m/s, inducing evaporative cooling while maintaining temperature stability, yet leading to some moisture loss. At 3:00 pm, wind temperatures reach 28.48 °C, accompanied by a 72% wind speed decrease from mid-day, effectively conserving moisture during critical growth phases. The results reveal that UAV airflow positively influences panicle and flowering stages, where carefully moderated wind speeds (up to 3 m/s) and temperatures reduce pollen sterility, enhance fertilization, and optimize reproductive development. This highlights the potential of UAV-engineered microclimate management to mitigate stress factors and improve yield through targeted airflow regulation. Key agronomic parameters showed significant improvements, including stem diameter, canopy temperature regulation, grain-filling duration, productive tillers (increasing by 30.77%), total tillers, flag leaf area, grains panicle−1 (rising by 46.55%), biological yield, grain yield (surging by 70.75%), and harvest index. Conclusively, optimal aero-thermodynamic effects were observed with 9:00 am rotor airflow applications during flowering, outperforming mid-day and late-afternoon treatments. Additionally, 12:00 pm airflow during flowering significantly increased yield. The interaction between rotor airflow timing and growth stage (RRS × GS) exhibited low to moderate effects, underscoring the importance of precise timing in maximizing rice productivity.

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UAV Airflow and Downwash for Dynamic Microclimate Engineering in Relation to Crop Response

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Imran,
  • Jiyu Li

摘要

A comprehensive investigation into the aero-thermodynamic impacts of UAV-generated airflow on the rice microclimate is essential to elucidate the complex relationships between wind speed, temperature, and temporal dynamics during critical growth stages. Focusing on the vulnerable stages of rice like heading, panicle, and flowering, this study aims to advance the understanding of microclimatic influences on rice crops, ultimately informing the development of UAV-based strategies to enhance crop resilience and optimize yields. By utilizing UAV rotor downwash, the research examines wind temperature and speed at three key diurnal intervals: 9:00 am, 12:00 pm, and 3:00 pm. Notably, at 9:00 am, UAV-induced airflow creates a favorable microclimate with stable temperatures (27.45–28.45 °C) and optimal wind speeds (0.0700–2.050 m/s), facilitating pollen transfer and grain setting. By 12:00 pm, wind speeds peak at 2.370 m/s, inducing evaporative cooling while maintaining temperature stability, yet leading to some moisture loss. At 3:00 pm, wind temperatures reach 28.48 °C, accompanied by a 72% wind speed decrease from mid-day, effectively conserving moisture during critical growth phases. The results reveal that UAV airflow positively influences panicle and flowering stages, where carefully moderated wind speeds (up to 3 m/s) and temperatures reduce pollen sterility, enhance fertilization, and optimize reproductive development. This highlights the potential of UAV-engineered microclimate management to mitigate stress factors and improve yield through targeted airflow regulation. Key agronomic parameters showed significant improvements, including stem diameter, canopy temperature regulation, grain-filling duration, productive tillers (increasing by 30.77%), total tillers, flag leaf area, grains panicle−1 (rising by 46.55%), biological yield, grain yield (surging by 70.75%), and harvest index. Conclusively, optimal aero-thermodynamic effects were observed with 9:00 am rotor airflow applications during flowering, outperforming mid-day and late-afternoon treatments. Additionally, 12:00 pm airflow during flowering significantly increased yield. The interaction between rotor airflow timing and growth stage (RRS × GS) exhibited low to moderate effects, underscoring the importance of precise timing in maximizing rice productivity.