Climate change has intensified environmental stresses, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation, posing significant challenges to global agriculture. A definitive role of oilseed crops in human nutrition and health is known, and these crops are particularly vulnerable to UV stress. This stress, alone or in combination with other environmental factors, causes morphological changes, physiological responses, and biochemical reactions in plants. Such alterations can adversely affect crop performance, leading to quantitative and qualitative reductions in oil yield. Plants have evolved diverse molecular and biochemical defense strategies to counteract these effects, including producing antioxidants, protective pigments, and stress-responsive proteins. However, these natural responses may not always be sufficient to mitigate UV-induced damage, especially under extreme climatic conditions. Therefore, farmers must adopt effective strategies to ensure the sustainable production of oilseed crops. One promising approach is the application of biostimulants, which enhance plant resilience against environmental stresses by improving growth, metabolism, and stress tolerance. Integrating the biostimulants into sustainable agricultural practices can remarkably contribute to maintaining the oilseed crop yield and quality against climate change. Understanding the intricate interactions between UV stress and plants, innovative solutions to promote crop sustainability could be developed. Further studies on plant responses to UV stress based on the molecular and physiological mechanisms will be essential for optimizing agronomic practices and improving global food security.