Oilseed crops are critical to world agriculture, producing essential oils, proteins, and biofuels. However, abiotic factors, including drought, salt, severe temperatures, and nutritional deficits, considerably impact their production. To improve stress tolerance, omics approaches such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics provide valuable tools for studying plant responses at various cellular levels. High-throughput sequencing, gene expression profiling, and proteomic investigations have discovered critical stress-responsive genes, proteins, and metabolites that participate in adaptive processes. Integrating multiomics data with systems biology and modern breeding methods, such as genome editing and marker-assisted selection, allows for the production of stress-resistant oilseed cultivars. This chapter focuses on current advances in omics-driven research and their potential applications to improve abiotic stress tolerance in important oilseed crops. A better knowledge of plant stress responses using omics technology will pave the path for sustainable agriculture and increased crop yield under changing environmental circumstances.