One of the major problems facing the globe today is environmental degradation, which is growing every year and has a detrimental impact on the planet. Many contaminants, including carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and chlorofluorocarbons, are currently prevalent in the air. Organic and inorganic substances can also contaminate water and soil; sewage water, industrial effluents, haphazard pesticide and fertilizer usage, and oil spills are the main sources of pollution. Simultaneously, the swift advancement of nanotechnology has sparked significant curiosity about the possible applications of nanomaterials in enhanced environmental monitoring and cleanup systems encompassing all three phases. It can advance the sensing and detection of contaminants and advance cutting-edge remediation solutions. We are focusing on the most recent advances in the application of nanotechnology to the many applications listed in this overview. We also discuss recent developments in nanomaterial engineering techniques and provide examples of how they have been applied to improve stability, catalytic efficiency, and the use of alternative oxidants. This chapter will provide an extensive comprehension of the definition of nanoparticles, the idea of nanotechnology, and the synthesis of nanomaterials for possibly useful applications. In this chapter, we offer an outlook on the future developments of nanotechnology and its potential uses in air pollution remediation. Owing to its many uses, academic researchers, environmental scientists, and healthcare professionals are anticipated to learn about the state-of-the-art and potential applications of nanomaterials in environmental sectors.