The rapid progress of nanotechnology in agriculture and food production offers significant advantages, such as increased crop yields, more effective pest and disease control, and enhanced food quality and safety. However, the incorporation of nanomaterials into agri-food systems also raises important regulatory and ethical issues that demand careful consideration. This chapter examines the current regulatory environment surrounding the use of nanotechnology in agriculture and food, focusing on international policies, national frameworks, and the complexities of risk assessment. The potential hazards associated with nanomaterials highlight the necessity for rigorous safety evaluations and transparent regulatory standards. Ethical concerns, such as consumer rights, informed consent, environmental justice, and the socioeconomic implications for small-scale farmers, are also explored. The chapter underscores the critical need for interdisciplinary collaboration among scientists, policymakers, and stakeholders to create robust regulatory frameworks that promote the responsible use of nanotechnology in the agri-food sector. Looking ahead, it calls for the development of globally harmonized regulations, greater public involvement, and the establishment of advanced risk assessment methods. By addressing these regulatory and ethical challenges, the safe and sustainable integration of nanotechnology in agriculture can be realized, maximizing its potential benefits while safeguarding human health and the environment.