Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) represent a prevalent occupational health concern among academicians, adversely affecting their quality of life and posing significant economic burdens. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pains and the related ergonomic risk factors among university professors during classroom teaching. Here, 50 institute professors (42 men and 8 women) were evaluated for pain using the Nordic questionnaire, and postural assessment was carried out using the observational assessment method. Chi-square (χ2) test was performed to identify the association of individual and work-related factors to MSDs. The results of pain prevalence among professors for the past 12 months implies that the pain is most commonly felt in the neck (58%), right shoulder (64%), left shoulder (56%), upper back (62%), lower back (54%) and right wrist (52%). The right upper limb assessment (RULA) also identifies the ergonomic risk factors associated with different teaching postures. The work-related factors like experience, age, classes per week, and body postures deviated from neutral positions shows a significant relation with the prevalence of MSDs (p < 0.05). High risk was identified for teaching activities performed above eye level. Research focusing on targeted ergonomic interventions and modifications in teaching practices or educational programs on proper posture, could help mitigate the negative effects identified in this study.