Data sharing is widely regarded as a critical approach to unlocking the value of data, encompassing data rights management, processing, and profit allocation. However, existing methods often suffer from fragmented designs, incompatible assumptions, and security challenges, perpetuating the issue of data silos. To address these limitations, we propose Transaction-Based Data Sharing (TBDS), a comprehensive and modular solution. TBDS adopts a formal-language-based data rights management module, maintaining compatibility across modules and enabling efficient permission verification and state updates. It leverages blockchain and Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) to ensure secure operations while handling remote attestation internally, eliminating reliance on external parties. Furthermore, TBDS introduces a transaction-driven workflow, where smart contracts facilitate seamless interactions between modules. Finally, we design a chain-based profit allocation mechanism that balances incentives and privacy, ensuring fair and transparent distribution of rewards among participants. We also show that this mechanism improves participants’ revenue. With these innovations, TBDS not only addresses the challenges of fragmented designs and security risks but also establishes a scalable and incentive-compatible framework, paving the way for more efficient and secure data-sharing ecosystems.