Based on stakeholder theory, information asymmetry theory and signal transmission theory, this paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework on the impact of environmental performance on stock price crash risk, and studies the influence mechanism of information transparency on the relationship between the two. This paper takes the data of non-financial A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2022 as basic research samples to conduct an empirical study on environmental performance and stock price crash risk. The results show that enterprises with good environmental performance only need to bear relatively low risk of stock price collapse and mitigate the risk of stock price collapse by influencing the transparency of information. The results of this study expand the research on the economic consequences of corporate environmental performance and the influencing factors of stock price crash risk and provide theoretical support and policy implications for promoting the high-quality development of listed companies.