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Plant functional traits are generally defined as the relatively stable and measurable attributes of plants, such as their morphological, physiological, and phenological characteristics, which can directly or indirectly impact their growth, reproduction, and survival. Over the past few decades, the definition and measurement of plant functional traits have been gradually standardized. This has led to thorough exploration of intraspecific and interspecific variation, biogeographic patterns, coordination, and evolution of plant functional traits from various perspectives and scales, particularly at species level. With the establishment of global databases on plant functional traits in the late 1990s, studies are no longer limited to local scales. On the one hand, research on the regional and global biogeography of plant functional traits is booming, and, on the other hand, studies have gradually been extended to explore the coexistence mechanisms of multiple species in communities and the optimization of ecosystem functions. Significant progress has been made in understanding and applying plant functional traits in macroecology. This includes (1) exploring the coordination of functional traits among different plant organs and how plants respond to environmental changes; (2) investigating the multidimensional response and adaptation of various plant functional traits, particularly prompted by the emerging concept of the plant trait network; (3) utilizing plant functional diversity and trait frequency distributions to study community assembly and understand the complexity of community structure; and (4) refining scaling methods from organs to species, communities, and ecosystems levels, and developing plant community traits (or ecosystem traits) as a means of bridging traditional plant traits and macroecology. These new developments are prompting the application of traditional functional traits concepts to natural, social, and economic systems, promoting the rapid development of trait-based ecology to address future ecological problems.

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Current and Future Development of Plant Functional Traits in Macroecology

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Nianpeng He,
  • Guirui Yu,
  • Congcong Liu,
  • Ying Li,
  • Ruili Wang

摘要

Plant functional traits are generally defined as the relatively stable and measurable attributes of plants, such as their morphological, physiological, and phenological characteristics, which can directly or indirectly impact their growth, reproduction, and survival. Over the past few decades, the definition and measurement of plant functional traits have been gradually standardized. This has led to thorough exploration of intraspecific and interspecific variation, biogeographic patterns, coordination, and evolution of plant functional traits from various perspectives and scales, particularly at species level. With the establishment of global databases on plant functional traits in the late 1990s, studies are no longer limited to local scales. On the one hand, research on the regional and global biogeography of plant functional traits is booming, and, on the other hand, studies have gradually been extended to explore the coexistence mechanisms of multiple species in communities and the optimization of ecosystem functions. Significant progress has been made in understanding and applying plant functional traits in macroecology. This includes (1) exploring the coordination of functional traits among different plant organs and how plants respond to environmental changes; (2) investigating the multidimensional response and adaptation of various plant functional traits, particularly prompted by the emerging concept of the plant trait network; (3) utilizing plant functional diversity and trait frequency distributions to study community assembly and understand the complexity of community structure; and (4) refining scaling methods from organs to species, communities, and ecosystems levels, and developing plant community traits (or ecosystem traits) as a means of bridging traditional plant traits and macroecology. These new developments are prompting the application of traditional functional traits concepts to natural, social, and economic systems, promoting the rapid development of trait-based ecology to address future ecological problems.