The integration of nanotechnology with the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionised environmental surveillance by enabling real-time, high-precision monitoring of contaminants. Nanobiosensors, owing to their nanoscale size and unique properties, provide high sensitivity and specificity for detecting environmental pollutants. These sensors, consisting of a recognition element and a transducer, convert biological reactions into measurable signals. When combined with IoT networks, nanobiosensors can continuously collect and transmit environmental data, allowing for immediate detection of hazardous substances and facilitating remote monitoring in inaccessible areas. Their miniaturisation enhances portability, affordability, and adaptability for diverse applications, including air and water quality assessment, soil health monitoring, and food safety. Additionally, IoT-enabled nanobiosensors support smart agriculture by optimising crop conditions and pest management while minimising environmental impact. Smart wearable applications also benefit from this technology by providing real-time health metrics and proactive wellness tracking. However, challenges such as interoperability, data security, and power supply constraints must be addressed to ensure efficient deployment. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with IoT further enhances data analysis capabilities, enabling predictive modelling and real-time decision-making. As IoT networks expand, they facilitate broader adoption of nanobiosensors, significantly improving environmental monitoring, public health protection, and sustainability efforts. This fusion of IoT and nanotechnology represents a promising advancement in smart environmental management, offering innovative solutions to global ecological challenges.