Contaminants of emerging concern and novel synthetic compounds have accumulated significantly in the environment. Their recalcitrance and outstanding stability have disrupted human health and environments. Hyperpigmentation reduction, exfoliation of dead cells, hair damage, and itchy scalp are reduced by chemical constituents such as kojic acid, niacinamide, glycolic acid, mandelic acid, sulfates, glycol, ammonium chloride, and sodium benzoate present in personal care products. Also, dependency on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines and other lifesaving drugs has become imperative currently. This chapter primarily examines bacteria-mediated bioremediation and the metabolic degradation pathways of various xenobiotics, including phthalate-based chemical plasticizers, skin-whitening agents, surfactants, sunscreens, and non-steroid-based anti-inflammatory drugs. This chapter also addresses the prospect of omics-based techniques in identifying specific upregulated genes and gene clusters associated with xenobiotic degradation.