Over the last decades, with the rapid development of industrialization and overpopulation, a large volume of different contaminants has been produced and entered the soil. Heavy metals (HMs) and metalloids are known as important environmental contaminants. When HMs accumulate to toxic levels in agricultural soils, these non-biodegradable elements adversely affect crop health and productivity. There are different management strategies for mitigating the adverse effects of HMs in the soil and environment. By using the procedures related to soil fertility and plant nutrition management, including optimal application of fertilizers and beneficial and essential nutrients to plants, using hyperaccumulator plants, and using the potentials of soil bacteria known as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), this issue may be alleviated. This chapter discusses the position of HMs in the research of the recent decade, the usual procedures and the importance of plant nutrition and soil fertility management, and the functions and mechanisms related to the soil bacteria in the remediation of HM-contaminated soils.