During the late 1800s Industrial Revolution, countries around the world identified novel forms of pollution. Pollution is ubiquitous, affecting both the atmosphere and bodies of water. Additional information on the variability of pollutant levels should be provided. Water-borne diseases serve as a dependable measure of contamination in the natural environment. This chapter specifies a comprehensive impression of water quality measures from an ecological standpoint, encompassing the impact on people and other organisms. The three water quality categories are analysed in depth, focussing on their notable common attributes, which comprise physical, chemical, and biological elements, water quality assessed based on these parameters and their description, resources, implications, impacts, as well as of measurement.